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Present Participle and -ant Forms - Participe Présent et formes en -ant

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Formation

The -ant form is built by replacing the ending -ons by -ant in the first plural person, nous,
conjugated in the present tense of the indicative.

Nous lavons
lavant
Nous finissons
finissant
Nous voulons
voulant
Nous nous ressemblons
ressemblant

Exceptions in formation:

avoir
ayant
être
étant
savoir
sachant

Nevertheless, savant exists. It is the adjectival and nominalized form:
Les Femmes savantes (a play by Molière)
Un savant a trouvé un remède à la bêtise.

The Present Participle


The present participle expresses a passing and short-lasting action in process (you can compare it to a freeze frame).
The present participle is invariable.
It works like any verbal form and thus can have

a direct object
Préparant son cambriolage, le voleur enfile des gants.
(Preparing for his break-in, the burglar puts on his gloves.)
an indirect object
Marchant dans le jardin, il examine les lieux.
(Walking in the garden, he looks over the place.)
It can be modified by an adverb
Marchant légèrement, le voleur entre dans la maison.
(Treading carefully, the burglar enters the house.)
It accepts to be put in the negative
Ne sachant pas où est le coffre, il perd du temps.
(Not knowing where the safe is, he wastes time.)
Puis, ne pouvant pas l'ouvrir, il repart les mains vides.
(Then, being unable to open it, he leaves empty-handed.)
It is used to create the absolute complement
Reminder:The absolute complement is made by a subject+a predicate.
Les heures passant, il commence à s'en vouloir.
(As the hours passed, he began to blame himself).
Often, the subject of the absolute complement is different from the subject of the main clause. Here, "hours" and "he".
It can express temporal hint
Ayant raté l'occasion, il a des regrets.
(Having missed the opportunity, he regrets it.)

Notice You should not confuse:

Mind the false friend:
English begins and finishes by doing something,
le français commence et finit par faire quelque chose.

The Verbal Adjective


The verbal adjective expresses the state of a thing (of a person, of an idea...), without limit in its duration.
Dans un chemin montant, sablonneux, malaisé (J. de La Fontaine)
(On a uphill, sandy, uncomfortable track...)

It agrees in number:
Des sables mouvants (quicksands)
and gender:
Des espèces sonnantes et trébuchantes (coin of the realm) (Hum. in both languages.)
It can be a predicative adjective:
La proposition était tentante.(The proposal was tempting.)
It can be preceded by an adverb:
Une maladie très invalidante. (A very disabling illness)

The Gerund


The gerund is built with the preposition en:
En chantant (Singing)
It almost always refers to the subject of the main clause:
En dansant, elle s'approcha de lui. (She goes near to him, dancing.)
It often works as an adverbial adjunct of manner:
Il passa en courant (He ran past.)
Il s'assit en maugréant. (He sat, grumbling.)
or as an adverbial complement of time, with or without tout. It thus expresses the simultaneity:
En me promenant, j'ai rencontré un ami. (While taking a walk, I met a friend.)
Tout en dansant, elle chantait. (While dancing, she was singing.)
It can express the cause:
S'imaginant roi, il essayait des couronnes. (Since he fancied himself as a king, he tried on crowns.)
Notice A verb in the gerund can have an object expressed with the pronoun: en.
So there can be: en en.
Vous atténuez vos problèmes en en parlant.
The second en is the pronoun that refers to problèmes.)

The Noun


An adjective can be transformed in a noun by adding a determiner.


Exercises


Very short reminder:
The present participle describes an action.
The adjective describes a thing.
The gerund describes when or how the action of the main verb takes place.

1

Parse the following -ant forms:
Tout en se dépêchant de rentrer, les deux étudiants, riant et se serrant sous un parapluie, se racontaient des histoires amusantes.

2

Parse the following -ant forms:

3

Say how to do two things at the same time by using present participle:

  1. J'apprends le français quand je parle avec Gabrielle.
  2. Vous lisez quand vous voyagez en train.
  3. Pendant qu'elle se promène, elle cueille des fleurs.
  4. J'entends ma voisine qui joue du piano.

4

Translate:

  1. Il parle d'une voix menaçante.
  2. Je vois ma mère faisant la cuisine.
  3. Etant professeur, elle corrige les devoirs.
  4. Tout en reconnaissant ses qualités, je n'ignore pas ses défauts.
  5. Upon arriving, I saw my wife.
  6. He finally started working.
  7. I learn French by studying.
  8. While driving, I ran over a rabbit.