For all verbs, the future endings are:
Though the final e of -re
verbs is dropped before adding the future endings (item 7: rejoindre,
prendre, item 10: dépendre),
the future tense of most verbs is formed by adding the future endings to
the infinitive.
Unfortunately, among the Top Ten verbs 9 follow other rules.
| Etre | Avoir |
|---|---|
|
|
Except envoyer, that is irregular (j'enverrai, tu enverras, etc), the verbs ending in -yer form the future using the third person singular form.
| Payer (present) | Payer (future) |
|---|---|
|
|
Verbs which have -é in the last syllab
of the stem change -é to -è in all forms:
J'espèrerai, tu espèreras, il espèrera, nous espèrerons, vous espèrerez,
ils espèreront.
Espérer is the model for: céder, célébrer, compléter, considérer, interpréter, posséder, précéder, préférer, protéger, répéter.
In the future tense, acheter has a grave
accent on the -e in all forms:
J'achèterai, tu achèteras, il achètera, nous achèterons, vous achèterez,
ils achèteront.
Acheter is the model for: achever, lever (élever, enlever), geler (dégeler), mener (amener, emmener, démener, surmener, promener), peser (soupeser).
Appeler and jeter
double the last consonant of the stems in all forms:
J'appellerai, tu appelleras, il appellera, nous appellerons, vous appellerez,
ils appelleront.
Je jetterai, tu jetteras, il jettera, nous jetterons, vous jetterez, ils
jetteront.
The better way to learn how to conjugate the "Top 100" verbs is to use them.
You already know some of them. In lesson 2 you learnt:
Le mari de ma soeur est mon beau-frère
(my sister's husband is my brother-in-law).
You also know that they agree in gender and number with the object that
is possessed, not with the possessor.
There is just to complete the list.
Possessive adjectives agree in number and in gender with
the object, not with the possessor but:
1 - You can read above that when the possessor is nous, vous,
ils, elles, masculine and feminine forms are alike:
Il visite notre maison (une maison: feminine) et notre appartement
(un appartement: masculine).
2 - When the object is feminine and begins with a vowel, the masculine form
of the possessive adjective is used, to allow to make a liaison:
Je vois mon amie (une amie: feminine) Anne et mon ami (un
ami: masculine) Pierrot.
French does not mark "h" (or seldom) so a word beginning in "h"
sounds as beginning in a vowel:
Tu racontes ton histoire (une histoire: feminine).
We use the singular possessive adjective when only one object
is possessed by each person:
Ils prennent leur manteau et leur chapeau. (They take
their coats and their hats.)
When the possessor is clearly indicated, we use the definite
article:
Il baisse la tête; il se casse la jambe. (He lowers his
head; he breaks his leg.)
In items 12, 14 and 15
there are examples of present tense (nous partons, tu pars,
je pars) expressing future. When an event is sure, at least in the
speaker's mind, the present can be used.
Dans 2 jours, je prends l'Orient Express is a common
structure, grammatically correct and perfectly understandable.
Although grammatically correct, you can't say: Dans 10 ans,
je prends l'Orient Express. Ten years is too far a future to be expressed
with present.