To form the Present Conditional, add the endings of the
imperfect tense to the future stem of the verb.
This rule is regular even for irregular verbs as long as you don't forget
that verbs that have irregular stems in the future tense have the same irregular
stems in the Present Conditional.
| Etre | Avoir | Chanter |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
The Conditional describes a possibility, not a fact.
That is the reason why it can be used after certain conjunctions: quand,
lorsque, dès que, aussitôt que.
The main verb is in the conditional: see item 4.
When a condition to the realisation of a wish is expressed
with si (if), the verb that follows si
is in the imperfect.
Never
use the Conditional after si.
The conditional is used:
to express unsure action: item 8,
to soften a request: items 10, 11
to express the simple future in the past: item 7.
It is the future tense that is used when the verb in the main clause is
in the present tense:
Si tu ne cherches pas toujours à tout critiquer, tu
verras que la solution est simple.
If you like to give orders, you will like the imperative.
There are only three forms of the verbs without pronoun, and you already
know them.
-s, -ons, -ez at the
end of non -er verbs,
-e, -ons, -ez at the
end of -er verbs, except aller, but I am sure
you had guessed it was an execption.
Nevertheless, I would be too simple! Add s when the Imperative
is followed by en or y to allow the liaison to be done.
| Chanter | Aller |
|---|---|
|
|
If you have been following this course from the beginning,
you will know that avoir and être are irregular.
Every one a winner! (aie, ayons, ayez and sois,
soyons, soyez)
Two other verbs do not form the Imperative with the Present Indicative:
vouloir and savoir; the chances of giving someone the
order of knowing or of willing seem rather little.
Sache and sachez, veuille and veuillez
appear in fixed expressions;
i.e. vouloir is used in the imperative not to give an
order but, on the contrary, to make a polite request:
Veuillez m'excuser means: Please, excuse-me.
In the affirmative imperative, the object pronoun follow the verb.
The direct object pronoun follows the verb in the Imperative.
item 10 Réalise mes rêves
can be written in: Réalise-les; item 13
prends en un
The indirect object pronoun follows the verb, that's the
reason why we use a disjunctive pronoun, and it is linked with an hyphen:
item 8: Laisse-moi item 9:
moque-toi.
When you make a negative command, the object pronoun finds
its usual place: before the verb
item 10: Ne te gêne pas.
A possessive pronoun is a word that replaces the group
formed with a possessive adjective and a noun.
It follows a definite article (plain or contracted form) and must agree
in gender and in number with the noun it replaces.
| Masculine singular | Masculine plural | Feminine singular | Feminine plural |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
By imitation of the -er verbs that can receive a s
to make the liaison, it is common to hear people adding a s between
aie and en or y.
A doctor saying to his patient : Prenez ces cachets, ayez
en toujours sur vous (Take the tablets and always keep them with you)
is a rather common sentence; the presence of z makes the
liaison natural.
We cannot imagine that this doctor tells his son: Aie en toujours
sur toi. It's almost impossible to pronounce for a French mouth.
The natural trend in French linguistics asks for a liaison. The proper pronunciation
sounds stranger than the incorrect one (*aie-z-en). Sometimes, we paraphrase:
in my example: tu dois toujours en avoir sur toi; but
even educated people say: *aie-z-en.